Ovarian cysts can occur at any age, but they are more common during a woman's childbearing years. After menopause, ovarian cysts are less common, but they can still happen. Most ovarian cysts after menopause are benign (not cancerous), but there is a chance some may be cancerous.
The most common types of ovarian cysts after menopause are functional cysts and endometriomas. Functional cysts form as a result of the menstrual cycle and include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Endometriomas form when endometrial tissue grows in the ovaries. Both functional cysts and endometriomas are typically benign.
However, there are certain types of ovarian cysts that have a higher risk of being cancerous after menopause. These include epithelial cell cysts (like serous cystadenomas and mucinous cystadenomas), cystadenocarcinomas, and dermoid cysts. Epithelial cell cysts develop from the cells on the outer surface of the ovary. Cystadenocarcinomas are a cancerous form of epithelial cysts. Dermoid cysts contain tissue like skin, hair, and teeth and have a small chance of developing into cancer.
The most common type of ovarian cancer after menopause is epithelial ovarian cancer. It accounts for 90% of all ovarian cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancer most often arises from the surface of the ovary and can develop from benign cysts. Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer include older age, never giving birth, family history, and certain genetic mutations (like BRCA). Symptoms of ovarian cancer may include abdominal bloating or swelling, pelvic pain, feeling full quickly when eating, urinary symptoms, and fatigue. Unfortunately, ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage since early symptoms can be vague.
If an ovarian cyst is discovered after menopause, it's important to have it evaluated by a doctor. They will typically perform a pelvic exam and transvaginal ultrasound to look at the cyst's size, location, and features. Blood tests for tumor markers like CA-125 may be ordered. Your doctor may recommend surgical removal of the cyst or ovary for further examination (this is known as a cystectomy or oophorectomy). During surgery, biopsies can determine if cancer cells are present. Monitor any persistent ovarian cysts with repeat imaging tests. Getting a prompt diagnosis is key!
In summary:
- Most ovarian cysts after menopause are benign, but some may be cancerous. The risk increases after menopause.
- Epithelial cell cysts, cystadenocarcinomas, and dermoid cysts have the highest risk of cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common ovarian malignancy.
- Have any persistent ovarian cyst checked by your gynecologist. Imaging, blood tests, and surgery are used to diagnose. Early detection is important!
If you are experiencing ovarian cysts after menopause, bring up any concerns with your women's health provider. Hormone Harmony Clinic provides comprehensive care for conditions related to hormone changes later in life, including ovarian health. Our experienced physicians take the time to listen to your health history, perform necessary tests, discuss treatment options, and support you through diagnosis and management of ovarian cysts. We use an integrative approach to promote well-being during menopause and beyond. Contact us today to make an appointment! We're here to help you achieve optimal gynecologic and hormonal health.
